Bongbong Marcos鈥檚 bid for the vice-presidency could be a test for the maturity of Philippine democracy
Around the period that the Philippines was under the authoritarian regime of Ferdinand Marcos (1965鈥�86), South Korea was under the military dictatorship of Park Chung-hee (1963鈥�79). The restoration of democracy in both countries was finally accomplished by popular revolt, or 鈥榩eople power鈥�.
There are strong similarities between the dramatic regime change in both countries. According to Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig, authors of , ‘South Korea鈥檚 opposition became further energized in spring 1986 with the fall of Philippine leader Ferdinand Marcos. Perhaps it would be South Korea鈥檚 time to remove an authoritarian leader.’
The triumph of democracy over despotism in the Philippines and South Korea is pertinent today, because the progeny of both former dictators are now at the political forefront. Ferdinand 鈥楤ongbong鈥� Marcos Jnr, son of Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos, is running for vice-president in next month鈥檚 elections scheduled for 9 May, while Park Geun-hye, daughter of former military dictator Park Chung-hee, is now president and the first woman to be elected to the office in South Korea.
But here the similarities diverge. While many South Koreans still revere General Chung-hee, crediting his administration for jump-starting the country鈥檚 economic expansion, for many Filipinos, memories of Marcos鈥檚 martial law regime are still painful.
To her credit, Park Geun-hye has refused to gloss over the human rights abuses committed during her father’s iron-fisted rule, and for them during her 2012 presidential campaign.
In contrast, Bongbong鈥攁nd the rest of the Marcos family鈥攃ontinues to proclaim that the dark period under his father鈥檚 martial law regime had a on the country, despite all facts to the contrary. Marcos Jnr insists he has no cause to apologise for any of the documented human rights violations committed during his father鈥檚 rule, claiming that Marcos Snr had no direct involvement in them.
This intransigence finally met with a strong rebuke from professors and lecturers at a leading Philippine university, Ateneo de Manila. In a recent and emotional public statement they condemned Bongbong Jnr for using his campaign for the vice-presidency to 鈥榬epackage鈥� this period of Philippine history.
From the first paragraph of the statement, there is a sense of deep and overwhelming anger:
In response to Ferdinand 鈥楤ongbong鈥� Romualdez Marcos, Jr.鈥檚 call that teachers and students of history should make a judgement about the Marcos administration, we, the undersigned members of the Ateneo de Manila University community, vehemently oppose and condemn the ongoing wilful distortion of our history. We deplore the shameless refusal to acknowledge the crimes of the Martial Law regime. We reject the revision of history, disturbing vision of the future, and shallow call for 鈥榰nity鈥� being presented by Marcos Jr. and like-minded candidates in the 2016 elections.
The rise of Bongbong Marcos when the of his father鈥檚 rule are still fresh frustrates and angers sections of Filipino society. However, his rise to political prominence can also be explained as a result of the democratisation of the Philippines that followed his father鈥檚 fall.
Bongbong Marcos has not been convicted of any crime that would disqualify him from public office, and for the state to prevent him from participating in the electoral process because of his family name would mean a reversion to the draconian methods of his father鈥檚 rule鈥攕omething no Filipino would countenance today
After three decades of free elections, Filipinos now regard conflicting opinions as a normal part of the electoral process, even when animosities run strong during election campaigns. They relish the freedom to publicly express their thoughts on the merits or otherwise of candidates.
Filipinos have proven they are prepared to die to defend their right to choose their leaders. How they exercise that right, however, is a different matter. The consolidation of democracy is neither painless nor linear. As historian Luis H. Francia notes in his , the Philippines is a relatively young nation, having gained political independence only in 1946. The country鈥檚 democratic evolution is essentially still at the beginning stage. The hope is that Filipinos will develop a more profound appreciation of the democratic way of life after each election season鈥攁nd that appears to be the direction in which the country is heading.
The backlash against this attempt at historical revision seems to have awoken a level of civic militancy not seen since the years immediately preceding the 1986 People Power Revolution.
Since the academics of Ateneo de Manila University issued their statement, many other academic institutions have declared their and condemned Bongbong Marcos鈥檚 evasion of culpability for the abuses of civil liberties under his father. Furthermore, the that this period of Philippine history is never forgotten is gaining new momentum. The backlash against this attempt at historical revision seems to have awoken a level of civic militancy not seen since the years immediately preceding the 1986 People Power Revolution.
Filipinos鈥攑articularly the young鈥攁re now inclined to be more involved in ensuring good governance and keeping government officials honest. This is made easier with social media and the 24-hour news cycle.
Should Bongbong Marcos win the vice-presidency next month, it should not automatically by interpreted as redemption of the Marcos brand in Philippine national politics.
Unlike the days when his father ruled, Ferdinand Jnr鈥檚 assumption of the second most powerful post in the land would make him more prone to intense public scrutiny. Established democratic institutions such as a free media and academic liberty would leave him with few devices or machinations to hide any wrongdoings.
Indeed, his tenure as vice-president鈥攕hould it eventuate鈥攃ould provide the catalyst for a moral reckoning with the Marcos dictatorship that many Filipinos have been waiting for.
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Bongbong Marcos has been criticised by Filipino academics for trying to ‘repackage’ the history of his father’s rule. Photo: